These transmissions are not constrained by a limited number of different gear options as conventional automatics and manuals are, typically utilizing pulleys to provide almost unlimited gears. This can translate to an engine that never “wastes” power and always runs at optimal efficiency, which can result in lower running costs. In addition, a CVT doesn’t have as many complex parts as an automatic, and so can be cheaper to make. Maintenance costs, however, can be more expensive, as such a transmission is more uncommon and so more specialized.
A CVT works by transporting torque to the wheels using the steel belt connecting the pulleys. However, there are other more uncommon varieties, including the ECVT (an electronic version with a planetary gearbox) and Toroidal CVT, which revolves — quite literally — around the action of two turning disks, the input and output disks. Between them, they connect the drive shaft and the engine, and through the power of friction as they move, deliver the force where it’s needed to keep the vehicle in the appropriate gear in response to its movement. In addition, this system results in quiet operation, though that very same operation is very physical by nature, and costly repair or replacement servicing could be required.
In 2022, Callahan Automotive reported that a CVT can be expected to last for around 100,000 miles, but can potentially reach double that with careful use. Driving styles and habits are another crucial aspect of the manual-or-automatic question.
